Special report focusing on e-mobility, published as a separate issue to the September 2019 edition of FuturENERGY for special distribution at: CEVE 2019, V Congreso Europeo del Vehículo Eléctrico (España, 23-24/10) and EXPOelèctric (España, 2-3/11), where FuturENERGY has an active presence as media partner.
This special report includes the following:
COVER STORY RENAULT. New ZOE: E-mobility reinvented
E-MOBILITY
Why 2020 will be the year in which everything changes for e-mobility By: Arturo Pérez de Lucia. General Manager, AEDIVE
E-mobility as a factor to transform Asturias By: Adriano Mones Bayo. Chair, AEDIVE
E-mobility, an opportunity for the economic reactivation of Asturias By: María Belarmina Díaz Aguado. Director-General of Energy, Mining and Reactivation, Principality of Asturias
Smart charging at home: the success of the electric vehicle By: Javier García Breva. Expert in Energy Business Models
Renewed and renewable mobility
Home charging: the real key to the electric vehicle
The potential and impact of smart charging electric vehicles on the energy transition
Fast charging system for evs based on a CHP system
Sustainable mobility gets a green light
Strategies from AMB for a more sustainable mobility
Nissan and EDF Group have signed a cooperation agreement to accelerate the delivery of e-mobility together – particularly through the smart charging of electric vehicles. This agreement applies to the United Kingdom, France, Belgium and Italy. The cooperation agreement focuses mainly on developing smart charging solutions (vehicle to grid, or V2G) by bringing together technologies developed and mastered by both companies. Smart charging refers to technologies that optimise the charging or discharging of an electric vehicle in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
As part of the cooperation agreement, Nissan is responsible for the sale of V2G compatible electric vehicles, and EDF Group in charge of V2G charging solutions and related services.
Fundamental to Nissan’s Intelligent Mobility vision is the integration of electric vehicles into society, with V2G technology offering significant benefits to electricity grids and providing new financial opportunities to businesses. As increasing numbers of drivers and businesses make the switch to 100% electric vehicles, Nissan achieved record sales for both the Nissan LEAF and e-NV200 van in Europe last year.
EDF Group is committed to promote clean mobility for everyone, in particular by developping “smart charging” solutions with tangible benefits to customers. These fully integrated solutions include the management of the battery’s charge and discharge as well as flexibility services to the grid available through storage. They are carried by Izivia, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the EDF Group specialising in charging infrastructure, and Dreev, the newly launched EDF-NUVVE joint venture, specialising in V2G commercial solutions.
Today’s agreement follows a previous partnership in the UK between EDF Energy and Nissan. Signed last year, the two organisations agreed to collaborate around the development of shared offerings in the areas of electric mobility, smart charging, second-life battery use, energy storage and renewable energy sources.
What is smart charging?
Smart charging solutions include technologies to control when vehicles charge and how quickly they power up, as well as allow the two-way flow of electricity between vehicle and charger. Thanks to V2G technologies, the energy accumulated in the batteries of electric vehicles can also be used for businesses own energy needs or the grid when required – a benefit that will become increasingly important as greater numbers of electric vehicles arrive on our roads and to help balance intermittent renewable generation.
The energy that is stored in a electric vehicle like the Nissan Leaf and e-NV200 van can be sold back to the grid by the customer, generating additional revenue to offset vehicle ownership costs. The financial, environmental and societal benefits of V2G have made it a highly anticipated innovation in the market, but one which has not fully progressed to this point. Today’s new collaboration between EDF Group and Nissan marks a huge step towards realising this electric future, creating a practical solution that benefits businesses and wider society alike.
The worldwide expansion of offshore wind energy, especially in Europe, but also in markets as Asia and North America, causes a further strong increase of global offshore wind capacity. Thus, in Germany, which strongly expanded its capacities within the last years, the electricity generation through offshore wind energy could be increased again: the growth rate in the German North Sea amounted to 16 % and in the German Baltic Sea even to 145 % in the first half of 2019. This is the conclusion reached by the trend and market research institute wind:research in its Half Year Report 2019 The Global Market For Offshore Wind Energy in cooperation with the World Forum Offshore Wind.
The positive development of offshore wind energy is continuing worldwide: while in 2010 the global offshore wind capacity summed up to 3 GW, it increased to 23.3 GW in 2018 and is expected to rise by an additional 27% in 2019 in comparison to the previous year. A look at the planned offshore wind energy projects shows that the positive market development will probably not change in the near future: as of the first half of 2019, the officially planned projects will lead to an overall increase in the worldwide capacity of approximately 46 GW till 2030, a growth of more than 180 %.
The majority of these planned projects is located with almost 36 GW in Europe, a further 6 GW in North America and at least 4 GW in Asia. In Europe, especially striking are the targets of Great Britain, that aim for an increase of its offshore wind capacity by more than 30 GW in 2030, which amounts to a tripling of its current capacity. Germany with its expansion target of 15 GW, the Netherlands with 11.5 GW and France with 10.4 GW fall way behind these ambitious targets. At the same time, outside Europe and especially in Asia the offshore wind energy becomes increasingly popular: thus in Asia the offshore wind capacity summed up to almost 5 GW in the first half of 2019 while in the countries China, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam further 3.9 GW are under construction or in planning.
Meanwhile, the importance of supporting political frameworks becomes visible in Germany. The political standstill of the last years regarding offshore wind energy has led to a decrease of investments and workload culminating in insolvencies and market exits of small as well as large market participants. However, technological improvements, such as higher turbine outputs, floating foundations or the use of hydrogen, political measures, such as CO2 pricing, as well as the rising demand for (green) energy for sector coupling, such as electromobility, overall still provide positive market conditions.
Special report published as a separate issue to the May 2019 edition of FuturENERGY for special distribution at the II International Congress on Energy Engineering, iENER’19, an event celebrated from 26 to 27 June in Madrid, where FuturENERGY had an active presence as media partner. This special report includes various sections focused on: natural gas, renewable gases, energy storage, e-mobility, DHC networks and energy efficiency.
This special report includes the following:
COVER STORY AESA – Energy assessment: CHP, bioenergy, zero emissions and energy efficiency
NATURAL GAS AND ITS APPLICATIONS The new natural gas revolution Gas engines a key actor in the new energy scenario New range of gas engines. Up to 50% efficiency, with very low emissions
RENEWABLE GASES The optimal role for renewable gas in a decarbonised energy system
ENERGY STORAGE Unlocking PV capacity with energy storage Global battery energy storage market to reach US$13.13bn by 2023
E-MOBILITY The potential and impact of smart charging electric vehicles on the energy transition Smart solutions for sustainable mobility Taking e-mobility to the next level. Charging the electrci vehicle with solar energy
EFFICIENT HVAC Txomin Enea district heating network: innovation and efficiency in urban planning
ENERGY EFFICIENCY. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR What type of energy management does industry need? A key to sustainability, efficiency and cost effectiveness Predictive maintenance technology for electric motors
The launch of the third generation of Renault’s flagship vehicle in its 100% electric collection is a major milestone in the Group’s strategy for large-scale electric vehicle development. Seven years after the release of what has become Europe’s best-selling urban electric car, New ZOE evolves in versatility, quality and technology. And it offers superior features, right from entry level, all while remaining affordable.
This evolution is immediately obvious. On the outside, New ZOE shows its personality without losing its distinctive fresh design. The interior has been revolutionized, with a fully redesigned instrument panel and dashboard for improved comfort.
On a technical level, New ZOE is both more autonomous, with a battery of 52 kWh lasting up to 390 kilometers in the WLTP* and has more recharging options thanks to the introduction of a direct current (DC) charge. With its more powerful 100 kW motor, New ZOE offers even more driving pleasure.
Lastly, New ZOE is equipped with many innovative features and connected Renault EASY CONNECT services. Driving aids, a 10-inch display, the Renault EASY LINK multimedia system, and a new urban mode are all designed to make everyday driving easier and more enjoyable.
A few numbers…
Nearly a decade has passed between the initial presentation of the ZOE Z.E concept at the end of 2009 and the launch of New ZOE. In this time, Renault has established itself as a pioneer and leader in electric mobility, driven in particular by the success of its flagship model.
Nearly 150,000 registrations by the end of May, 2019 and just as many drivers won over! ZOE sales have been growing steadily since its launch. Its cumulative sales make it the most prevalent electric vehicle on European roads. 18.2% market share in Europe in 2018. With nearly 40,000 new registrations, ZOE accounts for nearly one in five electric cars sold on the continent. It is number one in sales in Germany, Spain, and France, where it achieved a 54.9% market share over the year. More than 60 awards across Europe. Regularly praised in the media, since 2014 ZOE has retained the title of “best electric car for under £30,000” awarded by the British magazineW hat Car?. ZOE’s successive developments have enabled it to achieve exceptional longevity. More than 4 billion kilometers traveled. The flagship vehicle of Renault’s 100% electric range has achieved the equivalent of over 10,400 Earth-to-Moon journeys without emitting a single gram of CO2 during use! One billion euro. In June 2018, Groupe Renault announced an investment plan to make France a center of excellence for electric vehicles within the Alliance. By 2022, it plans to double ZOE’s production capacity at the Renault plant in Flins, near Paris. More than 40,000 people. This is the number of Groupe Renault employees involved in ZOE on a daily basis, from the sales network to engineering and assembly lines.
Range and charging: ZOE goes further and further
New ZOE has a Z.E. 50 battery which takes its range up to 390 kilometers on the WLTP*. It now also offers fast direct current charging, an addition to the alternating current charging options already available at home or on the street.
Renault’s work to continue at the forefront of increasingly high-performing battery development did not end with the introduction of the previous generation’s Z.E. 40 battery. The result: with 52 kWh, the battery Z.E. 50 for the New ZOE now offers a range of up to 390 km WLTP*, an increase of over 20%. This growth in energy capacity uses the same sized-battery, maintaining the vehicle’s comfortable habitability.
The new battery Z.E. 50 even has another advantage: its ability to deliver a higher current intensity contributes to the performance of the new R135 engine.
New ZOE also is the most versatile affordable electric vehicle when it comes to charging. With its ability to take up to 22 kW from each terminal, since its inception ZOE has been the fastest-charging electric vehicle on the most prevalent recharge devices in public spaces.
An additional innovation now complements this performance: the New ZOE battery can now also charge up to 50 kW on terminals that operate with direct current (DC). This new DC charge is suitable for long journeys, especially highways. New ZOE is the only affordable electric vehicle on the market to offer AC charging up to 22 kW and DC up to 50 kW.
Accompanied by custom connected services accessible via the MY Renault app, drivers are sure to always find the charging solutions they need, whether at home, work, in public parking areas or on the highway.
* WLTP driving range (Worldwide Harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure, standardized cycle: 57% of urban journeys, 25% of suburban journeys, 18% of highway journeys), for the ZOE Life version. In the process of being approved.
Efacec has just given a new step in the e-mobility field with the development of a new fast charger for electric vehicles, called QC45 Generation 2. This charging station is the 2nd generation of the company’s fast charger bestseller, with significant improvements in software and hardware domains.
With close to 4.000 fast charging equipment spread across five continents, mostly on the European and American continents, Efacec invests in the continuous evolution of its products to meet the current and future needs of the user of EV.
QC45 Generation 2 charger is characterized by usability, with better HMI design and improvement in the identification of the connectors; easy to maintain, with easier front access and to the components; new design, more urban, futuristic and high-tech and a layout that benefits the optimization of space, allowing the chargers to be placed side by side due the ventilation is no longer on the side as was the previous version of the QC45 charger.
The innovation and differentiating features visible in QC45 Generation 2 charger represent a new approach of Efacec in the fast charging field and will be present in all products of this line.
Electric vehicles are on track to dominate global sales of passenger cars and buses by 2040, and to encroach significantly on the market for vans and short-distance trucking, according to the latest forecast from research firm BloombergNEF (BNEF). Based on analysis of the evolving economics in different vehicle segments and geographical markets, BNEF’s Electric Vehicle Outlook 2019 shows electrics taking up 57% of the global passenger car sales by 2040, slightly higher than it forecast a year ago. Electric buses are set to hold 81% of municipal bus sales by the same date.
For the first time, BNEF has incorporated in its forecast detailed work on the commercial vehicle market. These projections show electric models taking 56% of light commercial vehicle sales in Europe, the U.S. and China within the next two decades, plus 31% of the medium commercial market.
EV share of annual vehicle sales by segment
Heavy trucks will prove the hardest segment for electrics to crack, with the latter’s sales limited to 19% in 2040. Their use case will mostly be in shorter-distance applications. However, conventional heavy trucks on long-haul routes will also face other, non-electric competition – from alternatives using natural gas and hydrogen fuel cells.
BNEF’s conclusions are stark for fossil fuel use in road transport. Electrification will still take time because the global fleet changes over slowly but, once it gets rolling in the 2020s, it starts to spread to many other areas of road transport.
The role of shared mobility services such as ride-hailing and car-sharing will be important in this evolving picture. These services account for less than 5% of all passenger miles travelled globally at the moment, but this is set to rise to 19% by 2040. The BNEF team does not expect autonomous driving to have an impact on global transport and energy patterns until the 2030s.
The main driver for the electrification trend over the next 20 years will be further sharp reductions in EV battery costs, making electric cars cheaper than internal combustion engine (ICE) alternatives by the mid-to-late 2020s in almost every market, on the basis of both lifetime costs and upfront costs. Since 2010, the average cost of lithium-ion batteries per kilowatt-hour has fallen by 85% on a mixture of manufacturing economies of scale and technology improvements.
The BNEF report sees China continuing to lead in electric cars, accounting for 48% of all passenger EVs sold in 2025 and 26% in 2040 when other markets are catching up. Europe pulls ahead of the U.S. as the number two EV market globally during the 2020s. Electrification in emerging markets will be much slower, leading to a fragmented global auto market.
The aggregate increase, however, will be impressive. BNEF expects passenger EV sales to rise from 2 million worldwide in 2018 to 28 million in 2030 and 56 million by 2040. Meanwhile conventional passenger vehicle sales fall to 42 million by 2040, from around 85 million in 2018. Policy support such as fuel economy regulations and China’s new energy vehicle mandate are expected to drive the EV market in the next 5-7 years before economics takes over the latter half of the 2020s.
EV share of vehicle fleet by segment
The oil, electricity and battery industries will all be impacted by the rise of EVs. A year ago, BNEF estimated their impact on road fuel demand at 7.3 million barrels per day by 2040. However, it has now nearly doubled this to 13.7 million barrels per day, partly because of new forecasts for electrification of the commercial vehicle sector and partly, paradoxically, because ICE fuel efficiency is expected to proceed more slowly than previously thought. That means that every EV displaces a conventional car that would have used a greater quantity of road fuel.
BNEF now estimates that EVs will add 6.8% to global electricity consumption in 2040, and that they will drive a surge in EV lithium-ion battery demand from 151 gigawatt-hours in 2019 to 1,748GWh in 2030. New mining capacity for all battery materials will need to come online to avoid this causing a supply crunch.
McKerracher said: “Transport is moving into a period of disruptive change, with many different factors coming into play. We have incorporated several new elements into our analysis, including an updated EV cost model that includes the cost of a home EV charger to reflect more accurately the costs individuals face to go electric; and a battery chemistry forecast for each of the new segments covered in this year’s report.”
Despite the radical changes afoot, the outlook for road transport emissions remains far from rosy. The BNEF team sees the size of the global on-the-road conventional passenger car fleet continuing to grow until 2030. This means that road vehicle emissions will continue to rise for the next decade, followed then by a sharp fall in the years before 2040, which will only return them to levels similar to 2018.
For most people, their personal energy revolution begins with the installation of a PV system on the roof of their home. This allows them not only to cover their domestic energy needs, but also to make use of the entire spectrum of options offered by energy sector integration thanks to the intelligent solutions from Fronius Solar Energy. The ultimate goal is to power an entire household exclusively from self-generated solar energy, which can also be used to heat water and for e-mobility. This helps to increase the rate of self-sufficiency and to more efficiently utilise the PV system. When it comes to e-mobility in particular, it is important to have a suitable overall concept comprising a PV system, energy storage system, hot water generation and a wallbox – in other words, a domestic charging station for electric cars, bringing a new level of meaning to ‘solar power’.
A personal energy revolution involves exploiting the entire spectrum of energy sector integration. Optimum energy management enables the highest possible rate of self-sufficiency to be achieved with self-generated solar energy. This increases profitability and the rate of self-consumption while simultaneously reducing costs. Alongside electricity and heat, mobility is the third major sector that can be powered with electricity from a user’s own roof using solutions from Fronius.
“If you own an electric car, you’ll want to power it with solar energy,” explains Martin Hackl, Global Director Solar Energy at Fronius. “But you’re often not at home when the electricity from your domestic PV system is available.” This is where Fronius comes in: the solar energy experts are taking e-mobility to the next level and are making it possible to charge an electric car in the afternoon or evening with the electricity stored throughout the day. “It’s about having an energy solution that guarantees an electric car really is fuelled with green electricity,” adds Hackl. “To achieve this, you need to get the entire package right.”
Fuelling a car with green electricity
Owners of electric cars essentially have three ways of charging their vehicles. The easiest, yet most ineffective method, is to simply plug the car into the socket or wallbox when power is required and use the energy available at that moment. This often only enables the user to achieve a slight increase in self-consumption, as a large proportion of the electricity needed is drawn from the public grid.
To charge the electric car’s battery intelligently, a Fronius inverter with an integrated energy management function and a compatible wallbox (charging station for the home) is required alongside the PV system on the roof. The inverter informs the wallbox when there is surplus electricity available, which then charges the electric car. Self-consumption can typically be increased by a further 20% in this way.
Dynamic charge control (the car is charged with precisely the amount of surplus electricity that is available at the given time) and an additional Fronius battery raise the rate of self-consumption up to almost 100%, depending on the system size and consumption behaviour. With this method, the energy management system sends the surplus electricity that has been produced throughout the day to a Fronius Solar Battery for temporary storage until it is later needed to fuel the car with solar power.
“This ingenious method enables users to really get the most out of e-mobility,” says Hackl. “If you also upgrade your system with a Fronius Ohmpilot, which draws on surplus electricity to generate hot water, you will have a solution that makes the most economic sense and achieves the highest level of self-sufficiency.”
CMBlu Energy and Mann+Hummel have signed an agreement for the joint development and industrialization of energy converters for organic redox flow batteries. The aim of both partners is to support electric mobility through the development of the charging infrastructure and offer the energy sector a sustainable and highly cost-efficient storage technology for a successful energy transition.
From the idea to the laboratory, then series production
The business idea for redox flow batteries with organic electrolytes derived from lignin (‘Organic Flow’) was already conceived in 2011 and since 2014, CMBlu has carried out intensive research and development. These batteries essentially consist of two tanks of liquid electrolyte and an energy converter, which consists of a large number of adjacent rows of cells and is therefore also referred to as a battery stack. The liquids are pumped through the battery stacks and is charged or discharged as required.
The technology developed by CMBlu has now reached the prototype stage. The further development and industrialization of the battery stack is regulated in the long-term cooperation agreement with Mann+Hummel. For this purpose Mann+Hummel has created a spin-off named i2M, which is dedicated to the development and commercialization of innovative technologies. In the next step Mann+Hummel will build a complete production line in an European plant. CMBlu will realize special pilot projects with reference customers in the next two years. Starting in 2021, CMBlu plans to market the first commercial systems.
Benefits of organic flow batteries
Similar to the principle of conventional redox flow batteries, CMBlu’s organic flow batteries store electrical energy in aqueous solutions of organic chemical compounds derived from lignin that are pumped through the energy converter, i.e. battery stack. The special feature of the flow batteries is that the capacity and electrical output can be scaled independently. The number of stacks defines the output of the batteries. A higher number of stacks multiplies the output. The capacity of the battery is only limited by the size of the tanks. This allows flexible customization to take into account the respective application area. For example, solar power can be stored for several hours and then fed into the grid at night.
In order to achieve cost-effective mass production, the most important components in the stack were adjusted to the organic electrolyte. In this process, almost the entire value chain for the stacks can be supplied locally. There is no dependency on imports from other countries. In addition, the battery stacks do not require rare-earth metals or heavy metals. The aqueous electrolytes in the system are not combustible or explosive and can be used safely.
Variety of applications in the grid
Organic flow batteries are suitable for numerous application areas in the power grid such as the intermediate storage of power from renewable energy generation or in connection with the balancing of demand peaks in industrial companies. An additional application area is the charging infrastructure required for electric mobility. The batteries enable a buffer storage to relieve power grids which do not have to be upgraded for additional loads. It enables simultaneous fast charging of electric vehicles. Ultimately, a decentralized charging network for electric vehicles will only be possible in connection with a high performance and scalable energy storage system.
Nature as a model for energy storage
The concept is based on the mode of energy in the human body. In the citric acid cycle the body also uses a redox reaction of organic molecules. CMBlu has now succeeded in applying this principle to large-scale storage of electrical energy. For this purpose the company use the mostly unused resource of lignin, which is readily available in unlimited quantities and accrues in amounts of millions of tons annually in the pulp and paper industry. CMBlu’s technology enables a very large and cost effective energy storage system. The battery stack is the core of the system and requires the highest quality and process reliability in the production process.
The manufacture of electrolytes includes a number of filtration steps, which Mann+Hummel performs using new special membranes. This technology further expands its product range and at the same time contributes to build the infractruture needed for electric vehicles.
Manufacturers and suppliers of charging infrastructure, will be presenting their innovative product portfolios at Hannover Messe. One such company is Mennekes Elektrotechnik GmbH & Co. KG, based in the Sauerland region: “2019 is going to be a very exciting year for us,” says Alfred Vrieling, head of sales at Mennekes.“The American car maker Tesla will be launching its Model 3 on the German market, and we’ll see what happens then.” Vrieling is optimistic about the future, as he contemplates the mobility revolution that is just around the corner: “When electromobility really takes off, we’ll definitely be part of it.” As well as the domestic market, the technology company from Siegen has the whole of Europe in its sights, with Norway, Switzerland, Sweden and the Netherlands currently doing the most to promote electromobility.
But market growth depends on continuing expansion of the infrastructure. As well as developing suitable plugs and connectors, Mennekes has been concentrating for years on the installation and servicing of charging points. “You only make a journey in an electric car if you know it is easy to recharge the battery when you reach your destination,” says Vrieling, who drives an electric car himself, and therefore knows what he is talking about. “Before people will really embrace electric-powered travel, we need to build confidence and ensure greater continuity and availability.” And what we also need as a matter of urgency, argues Vrieling, are “fixed tariffs agreed between providers and operators of charging points.” As he goes on to point out, this will require some form of government legislation to avoid chaos in the future.
Talking of government involvement: the National Platform for Electromobility (NPE) has calculated that we will need 70,000 public charging points and 7,100 fast charging points in Germany by 2020. The Federal government has allocated 300 M€ of funding up until the year 2020 for the expansion of the public charging network to meet growing demand. What is still uncertain is how today’s power grid is going to cope with the rising demand, and how the necessary infrastructure can be made available both in major conurbations and in rural areas.
Once power grids been fully digitized, industry insiders are confident that the market for electromobility will grow rapidly. There is already a demand for intelligent technologies of the kind that firms such as ABB and Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG will be displaying at the upcoming Hannover Messe in April. As more parking space is needed for recharging electric vehicles, real-world charging times will have to be as short as possible. This means that the battery packs of electric cars will need to be charged with a current of up to 500 kW in order to receive a sufficient charge for a range of 100 km within three to five minutes. “We will need sufficient energy to cope with these high charging capacities, and one way of doing this might be to provide local energy storage facilities,” explains Eva von der Weppen, press officer for Phoenix Contact.
“This makes it possible to reduce the connected load of the charging park to the minimum required, so that there is always sufficient energy available at motorway service stations, for example. In addition, these charging stations must be able to deliver the high charging capacities to the electric vehicle safely and conveniently. We already offer a viable commercial solution, in the shape of our cooled HPC (High Power Charging) charging cables,” notes von der Weppen. This presupposes (she adds) “that the battery packs in electric cars can take the high charging capacities, and that they have been engineered for a sufficient number of charging cycles to ensure a long service life. Further work is needed to resolve these technical issues.”
ABB is also working on the charging infrastructure. At last year’s Hannover Messe, ABB unveiled its Terra High Power charging station, with a charging capacity of up to 350 kW. This is capable of delivering a charge sufficient for a range of 200 km in just eight minutes – which makes the latest top-of-the-range model from ABB ideally suited for use in motorway service areas and filling stations. As a result, this product from ABB is being installed in growing numbers worldwide so that there are already thousands of fast charging stations in operation in 60 countries. This makes ABB one of the world’s leading suppliers of DC charging solutions – charging technologies designed for the electrification not only of cars, but also of buses, trucks, ships, railways and cable cars.
Hannover Messe is the perfect place for ABB and other specialist exhibitors large and small to get talking with customers from all over the world, and thus to drive the mobility revolution fueled by renewable energy.
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