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HVAC

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FuturENERGY Dec. 18 - Jan. 2019

We concluded last year’s sector analysis with the hope that major district heating and cooling (DHC) projects would be taking place in Spain. One year on, we are pleased to see that several large installations have entered into operation over the course of 2018. One example is the DHC network in Txomin Enea, a new urban development on the banks of the Urumea River, promoted by the San Sebastian City Hall and the Basque Government. This new network, constructed and operated by the joint venture comprising Tecnocontrol Servicios and Ferrovial Servicios, covers at least 85% of its energy demand using biomass, backed up during peak hours and technical stoppages by natural gas. With a 7.4 MW output, 3 km in length and the capacity to supply 1,500 homes, Txomin Enea is positioned as one of the leading networks in the Basque Country…By Ignacio Arenales Saul, Assistant to the Secretary General of ADHAC, the Spanish Association of DHC Networks.

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The Siemens Division Building Technologies adds new functionalities to the Synco IC cloud platform for remote HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) control. From July 2018 onwards, Synco IC includes remote meter reading for energy billing, remote monitoring of energy key performance indicators (KPIs) and remote intervention to reduce energy consumption. Synco IC, introduced to the market in 2015, is a cloud-based system for the cost-efficient operation and management of HVAC plants in small and medium size buildings.

With Synco IC Energy Monitoring, building operators can reduce energy consumption and collect billing data remotely at the same time. The system is scalable up to 2500 radio frequency meters or 250 wired meters. Collecting billing data from remote meter reading avoids walk-by or drive-by data collection, thus enhancing operational efficiency by saving travel and staff costs. Automatic data collection and validation minimizes human reading errors and prevents meter tampering and data falsification. Access to and use of customer data is controlled, customer data is kept secure.

Up to 100 sites can be connected free of charge, which makes Synco IC suitable for use in facility management companies that manage a large portfolio of smaller buildings. It is also the right choice for cities and municipalities that have a pool of distributed buildings, such as district offices, school buildings or retirement homes, or for companies that want to organize and maintain the building automation systems in their global branches and offices from a central location.

Commissioning of Synco IC Energy Monitoring is easy. Each site is connected within a few minutes in a plug&play mode by using QR-codes, whilst meters on site are automatically searched and detected.
Building operators and managers remain continuously under pressure to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission in the housing stock. Synco IC offers simple supervision of all the control and meter data of the HVAC plants by one intuitive user interface. The interface shows data trends and enables benchmarking of energy KPIs across multiple buildings or tenant areas, e.g. for consumption per square meter for various energy types like heating, cooling, hot water, cold water, electricity. Remote intervention by modifying plant settings on room or primary level enables operators to accomplish and maintain optimal energy efficiency.

Synco IC is already installed on more than 15,000 sites globally, which now have the option to implement remote meter reading for energy billing, remote monitoring of energy key performance indicators (KPIs) and remote intervention to reduce energy consumption, thus substantially reducing building operational costs.

Source: Siemens

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Last 14 March, the Chairman of Red Eléctrica de España, José Folgado; the Corporate Director of Resources, Ángel Mahou, and the Manager of the Human Resources area, Jose Antonio Vernia, presented the awards for its best in-house energy efficiency projects of 2017 at the VI Edition of the REE Efficiency Awards. These aim to promote the development of initiatives that help showcase the Group’s commitment to energy efficiency and the fight against climate change. One of the jury awards was for the project named ‘Geothermal energy at Red Eléctrica’, in the category of energy-saving measures, for contributing to improving the HVAC in the Tres Cantos Campus buildings and in the Demarcación Centro offices in San Sebastián de los Reyes, both in the Autonomous Community of Madrid.

The ‘Geothermal energy at Red Eléctrica’ project helps improve the HVAC in its buildings at the Tres Cantos Campus (for which a saving, compared to a conventional installation, is estimated to be in the region of 83,000 kWh per year) and in the Demarcation Centre in San Sebastián de los Reyes (estimated saving of about 58,000 kWh per year), by using geothermal energy complemented by systems that reduce energy consumption. This article offers a detailed description of the general features of the geothermal installation, as well as the reduction in energy consumption achieved at the Tres Cantos Campus.

Although this project is outstanding due to its commitment to implementing geothermal energy, it is very important to bear in mind that the best efficiency option for a building is the optimal combination of different elements that achieve the best performance for that specific case. Read more…

Article published in: FuturENERGY March 2018

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The four-star hotel Las Casas de El Arenal, situated in a refurbished 19th century building, is less than 10 minutes from the doors of Seville Cathedral and the Giralda tower. Decorated with close attention to detail, it has preserved the building’s high original ceilings. This hotel has recently been refurbished with the participation of CM4 Arquitectos as project managers, with Otaisa appointed as works supervisor. For the temperature control and domestic hot water production, units from Japanese brand Mitsubishi Heavy Industries were selected.

This project set out to give a new use to two 18th century Seville courtyard houses by refurbishing their structure and installations while respecting their inherent characteristics: the façades, patios and galleries as well as the relationship between floors and the original facing. The result is a hotel that has been effortlessly housed within a historic building, with no need to introduce elements that alter the original architecture.

 

The hotel Las Casas de El Arenal has 27 bedrooms distributed over three floors, fitted into the original spaces provided the dimensions and stability of the building so permitted. The bedrooms have coffered wood ceilings made using traditional timber framing methods. Restoration work was also carried out on the stairs, which feature Italian marble steps and elegant wrought iron and wood banisters. Read more…

Article published in: FuturENERGY June 2017

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Ilustración del mercado de climatización eficiente por el lado del aire en las cinco principales regiones del mundo para el período de previsión 2016-2025. Se espera que este mercado crezca a una tasa de crecimiento anual compuesto del 5,6%, alcanzando casi 4. 4.400 M$ al año para 2025./ Illustration of the total airside energy efficient HVAC market in the five major global regions for the 2016-2025 forecast period. This market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6%, reaching nearly US$4.4bn annually by 2025.

Airside energy efficiency is of increasing importance as building envelopes grow tighter, mechanical ventilation rates are better enforced, and heating and cooling loads grow due to increased amounts of outside air and high internal heat gain. This is especially true of large commercial and industrial (C&I) buildings that have high cooling loads (such as data centres, which have loads driven by internal heat gain). This article summarises the main conclusions of a market report recently published by Navigant Research.

The airside energy efficiency market is expanding globally as the need for higher ventilation competes with the need for lower energy costs. Airside energy efficiency fits into a wide array of efficiency-improving measures in HVAC. These include better controls, more efficient equipment, and the integration of environmental information into heating and cooling procedures. Airside efficiency is unique in that it eliminates the need to heat or cool air part of the time by utilising outside air conditions or by preconditioning air via exhaust.

 

The main technologies related to airside energy efficiency for HVAC are airside economisers and energy recovery ventilation systems (ERVs). Both technologies have existed for decades and their popularity continues to increase throughout the world. Both are climate-specific and perform most effectively in various climatic regions and as such, regulations surrounding their use are region specific. Economisers tend to perform best in buildings in mild climates and ERVs tend to save the most energy in cold and humid climates. Building use is also important for the expansion of the markets for these technologies, benefitting heat-intense buildings like data centres.

In certain climates where these technologies perform especially well, such as the temperate, dry northern USA, adding an airside component to the HVAC system can result in a greater ROI compared to increasing the mechanical efficiency of other components. However in some regions, economisers are required by the building code. A ROI should not be considered in these cases given that the building owner has no alternative.

In North America and Europe, regulations surrounding the installation of airside energy efficient HVAC systems are strong and gaining ground. ASHRAE, for example, establishes baseline ventilation rates and efficiencies that most building codes in North America adopt. ASHRAE 90.1 specifies that economisers and ERVs must be installed on individual fan cooling units that exceed a certain equipment capacity (4.5 tonnes). These regulations are gradually requiring an increasing number of commercial buildings to install these systems and maximise their airside efficiency. While the initial expense of these systems does present a higher initial capital and installation cost to building owners, they have a rapid payback in energy savings, especially in the climate zones for which they are best suited (zones 1-8 for ERVs and zones 2-8 for economisers).

Other global regions, such as Asia Pacific, will experience growth primarily as cities become denser and the building stock expands. Installing airside energy efficient systems is a relatively inexpensive way to ensure continued savings on energy costs, especially in highly conditioned buildings like data centres.

Market forecasts

The airside energy efficient HVAC market is expected to be led by growth in the ERV segment, especially in Europe. According to Navigant Research, the global airside energy efficient HVAC market is expected to grow from US$2.7bn in 2016 to US$4.4bn in 2025. By 2025, Europe is expected to represent 54% of the ERV market, with North America and Asia Pacific each accounting for around 20%. Economisers are expected to grow at a similar rate, but are not suited for as many buildings or as many climates as ERVs.

Economiser installations (both an outside air damper and controls) are expected to lead in buildings like data centres in cool climates, where cooling load is high and there are many annual hours of free cooling. In addition, the lack of internal humidity generation in data centres makes them ideal for space cooling by outside air.

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Panasonic has installed a combination of VRF electric systems, a VRF gas-powered motor and solar panels at the El Balcón de Valdemoro old people’s home. The energy provides 47% of the total kWh from renewable energy as required by the Technical Building Code for buildings of this type, which is located in zone 4 of the Iberian Peninsula. The result is a system with 34% lower direct costs per consumption, 43% less CO2 emissions and 37% less primary energy.

The Valdemoro building, that has a twin building situated in the town of Badajoz, is designed by the architects’ studio ARQit and has a total of three floors plus a basement. The communal services are located on the ground floor: sitting rooms, TV and games rooms, a main dining room, kitchen/storeroom,
a day centre with nursing care/medical centre in addition to a reception and an office area for the management and administrative staff. The two upper floors house 66 bedrooms and a second dining area. The basement completes the building with a total surface area of 5,200 m2.

The functionality of this centre was one of the determining factors when selecting the HVAC system, due to the high consumption of DHW and the communal services area on the first floor with their extensive operating hours. For this reason, the system proposed by installation company EBM Mercurio was a combination of an ECO-G air-air heat pump with a gaspowered motor, the ECO-i electric VRF system and solar panels. Read more…

Article published in: FuturENERGY July-August 2016

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HVAC units are big consumers of energy in the majority of installations in a range of sectors. They can account for 60% of the electricity bill in tertiary sector buildings such as hotels, hospitals, shopping centres, industrial and office blocks. The way forward to finding solutions that achieve energy savings in this field is based on access to information. As a result, Indoorclima is developing the Climate management Big Data, offering vital information on the operation of chiller and rooftop units from manufacturers worldwide. Having knowledge of their actual operation in a wealth of situations (both those inherent to the units and those relating to the installation or location) is providing the keys to developing the necessary algorithms to be able to parameterise each installation in terms of optimal performance and thereby reduce energy consumption from 20% to 50% depending on the installation.

HVAC installations have a low level of energy management. One major issue is the lack of the control over large output units that are usually located in regions with difficult access, and the preventative maintenance itself that is very basic, generally reduced to the minimum regulatory requirement. As a reference, of the total sales of HVAC units in 2012, only 15% corresponded to regulation and control systems. And this, in sectors where HVAC units consume more than 3,000,000 kWh/year, representing disproportionate and unnecessary energy costs.

And this has provided the basis for the work of Indoorclima in its search for a solution whose main aim is to save energy in HVAC installations. Read more…

Silvia Escámez
María del Mar Romero
Óscar Marinello
Indoorclima

Article published in: FuturENERGY July-August 2016

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Analysis of potential and integration opportunities for DHC networks

The development of concentrated solar power (CSP) technology has received a boost over recent years by the increase in electricity generation plants. Despite this, Spain currently has very few CSP facilities for thermal applications, largely designed to cover the demand for heat in industrial processes or for the temperature control of buildings. However their application for thermal use has a huge development potential in the country given that some regions have a very high availability of direct solar irradiation. The Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving (IDAE) has undertaken a technical-economic study on the incorporation of CSP into district heating & cooling (DHC) networks, using a reference network situated in Jaén. The results obtained conclude that the incorporation of CSP installations into DHC networks is a viable and attractive alternative that is both technically and economic competitive.

According to the census undertaken by the Spanish Association of DHC Networks (ADHAC), there are currently around 270 DHC networks in Spain with a total combined installed capacity of 1,139 MW for heating and cooling. Out of the existing DHC installations, approximately 30% use renewable energy (mainly biomass) and only one incorporates solar power. This is the DHC network at the Balearic Science and

Technological Innovation Park, ParcBIT. This network is supplied by a CCHP plant that provides electricity, hot and cold water to the technological park as well as to 5 buildings belonging to the Universidad de las Islas Baleares. Hot water is generated by two cogeneration motors of 1,460 kWt and 1,115 kWt each, backed up by a 1,000 kWt biomass boiler, a solar installation with a 900 m2 flat collector and a 2,000 kWt fuel boiler. The hot water is distributed through the network to cover hot water demand and also to feed the absorption chillers (432 kWt and 1,318 kWt respectively) to generate cold water. Read more…

Article published in: FuturENERGY March 2016

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Saudi Arabia as the greatest worldwide economies, has established a compulsory energy labelling system for electrical appliances, in order to reduce the energy consumption. These regulations apply as well to the air conditioning and heat pump appliances.

Saudi Arabia Standards Organization (SASO) and Saudi Energy Efficiency Center ( SEEC) procedures require that air conditioning and heat pump equipment complies with energy efficiency requirements according to standard SASO 2663 “Energy labelling and minium energy performance requirements for air-conditioners”, and tests according to SASO 2681 (split or windows type) or SASO 2682 (ducted type). SASO establishes as well that exporters/manufacturers will carry out their measurements in testing laboratories approved by SASO.

CEIS has been included in the authorized laboratories SASO database, increasing its accreditation scope with standards SASO 2663, SASO 2681 and SASO 2682. Thus, CEIS becomes the first European laboratory recognized by Saudi Arabia Authorities in the framework of energy labelling for air conditioning.

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Since 26 September 2015, the Ecodesign ErP Directive has been of compulsory application for EU Member States as regards the design of Energy-related Products (ErP) and as from its entry into force only those products manufactured according to the ErP requirements can be sold with the EC label. Although this directive affects over 1,000 product categories, for those relating to HVAC and DHW production, it covers boilers, heat pumps, accumulators, cogeneration systems, combined products systems, establishing their minimum efficiency levels, the maximum levels of NOX emissions, the minimum insulation for accumulators and the maximum level of acoustic emissions for heat pumps.

Heating and combi boilers that have had to comply with the ecodesign requirements since September 2015 include those with outputs of up to 400 kW, for which the standard has defined a minimum energy efficiency level to be complied with. This means that the new ErP Directive will prevent the sale of less efficient heating and combi boilers that do not meet the minimum performance requirements indicated in the Directive. In practice, this means that the market will tend towards condensing boilers which are almost the only type that can achieve the minimum requirements established by the ErP.

Another substantial change introduced by the Ecodesign Directive is that performance for the boilers that until now has been defined on the basis of the LCV (Low Calorific Value) will now be defined based on the HCV (High Calorific Value).. Read more…

Gaspar Martín
ACV, Technical Director

Article published in: FuturENERGY January-February 2016

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